Umusingi

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Ibiro by’Intumwa ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ishinzwe Ubucuruzi, kuri uyu wa Kabiri tariki 20 Kamena 2017 byatangaje ko bigiye gukora isuzuma harebwa niba u Rwanda, Tanzania na Uganda bikwiye gukomeza kungukira ku mahirwe y’ubucuruzi agenwa na gahunda y’ubufatanye bwa Amerika na Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, AGOA.

Impamvu yiryo suzuma ni nyuma y’uko ibihugu byavuzwe haruguru bishyizeho itegeko ryo kurekeraho kwinjiza mu gihugu imyenda ya caguwa mu rwego rwo guteza inganda zo muri ibyo bihugu imbere.

N’ubwo Afurika irimo kugerageza kwigenga muri byose biracyakomeye kuko icyo ihereyeho ibihano bihita bifatwa nk’uko bimeze kuri caguwa ubwo habaye ibindi bikomeye byagenda gute?ni cyerekana ko Afurika ishyize hamwe Amerika n’Uburayi byahura n’ibibazo kurusha ibyo Afurika ifite.

Ibiro biyobowe na Robert Lighthizer, bifashe uyu mwanzuro nyuma y’ikirego cyatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zituganya caguwa (Secondary Materials and Recycled Textiles Association, SMART), rivuga ko umwanzuro w’ibihugu bigize Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) wo guhagarika itumizwa ry’imyenda n’inkweto byambawe, uri guteza ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubukungu mu bucuruzi bw’imyenda yambawe muri Amerika.

Iyi gahunda ya AGOA (African Growth and Opportunity Act) yemejwe na Perezida Bill Clinton mu 2000, iheruka kongererwa igihe ikazarangira mu 2025, igahuriramo n’ ibihugu 38 birimo n’u Rwanda.

Ni gahunda iha amahirwe ibihugu bitandukanye byo muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara yo gukorana ubucuruzi na Amerika, ibicuruzwa bikorerwa muri ibyo bihugu bifungurirwa amayira nta musoro. Ibyo ni nk’imyenda, Ikawa, ibiribwa n’ibindi bikomoka ku buhinzi…

Nubwo ibisabwa ngo ibihugu byinjire muri AGOA biteganywa n’itegeko, Amerika isuzuma buri mwaka niba ibihugu birimo bikomeje kubahiriza ibisabwa cyangwa niba hari ibishya byakwinjiramo, bigakorwa ku itegeko rya Perezida wa Amerika, ku nama z’intumwa ishinzwe ubucuruzi.

Itangazo ry’ibiro by’uru rwego rigira riti “Muri iryo suzuma, Intumwa ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ishinzwe ubucuruzi n’ibindi bigo bishinzwe ubucuruzi bazasuzuma ibirego byatanzwe na SMART, harebwe niba u Rwanda, Tanzania na Uganda biri gukurikiza amabwiriza abyemerera gukomeza kuba muri AGOA.”

Ibihugu bitandatu bigize EAC, aribyo u Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, u Burundi, Tanzania na Sudani y’Epfo, biheruka kwemeranya guteza imbere inganda zikora imyenda n’inkweto z’imbere mu bihugu, ku buryo nibura mu 2019 imyenda yambawe yaba itagitumizwa hanze .

Gusa mu kirego cyatanzwe na SMART, ibihugu birebwaho ni bitatu gusa, U Rwanda, Uganda na Tanzania.

Guca caguwa ni gahunda yahawe imbaraga cyane, kohereza impu mu mahanga birakumirwa ndetse n’imisoro kuri caguwa irazamurwa. Biragendana kandi no guca itumizwa ry’imodoka zishaje, ubucuruzi ahanini bwungura ibihugu bikize, ariko ibihugu bya Afurika bikaba bigeze aho byumva bitakiri mu cyiciro cyo koherezwamo ibintu abandi batagikeneye.

Hari bamwe batangiye kuvuga ko ubundi nta kibazo u Rwanda ,Uganda na Tanzania bagahuye nacyo mu bijyanye na caguwa y’Abanyamerika ahubwo icyo bari gukora ni ukubareka ahubwo bagakora imyenda myiza ku buryo babanza bakagabanya n’igiciro ku buryo abacuruzi batakongera kujya kuzana caguwa kandi abantu batayigura.

Umwe mu bacuruza izo caguwa utashatse ko amazina ye atangazwa yatangarije Ikinyamakuru Umusingi ati “ubundi ibi bihugu byacu byo byari kubanza bakagerageza bagakora imyenda myiza kandi ya make ku buryo abantu binyine ubwabo batakongera kugura caguwa ,icyo gihe Amerika ntacyo yavuga cy’ibihano ariko biragaragara ko ibi bihugu bitaragira ubushobozi bwo guhaza isoko kandi ku giciro cyo hasi”.

Binyuze muri AGOA, u Rwanda, Tanzania na Uganda byohereje muri Amerika ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 43 z’amadolari mu 2016 bivuye kuri miliyoni 33 z’amadolari mu 2015. Nyamara ibicuruzwa Amerika yohereje mu Rwanda, Tanzania na Uganda byo byageze kuri miliyoni 281 z’amadolari mu 2016, bivuye kuri miliyoni 257 z’amadolari mu 2015.

“Ntabwo wateza imbere inganda ngo uhe rugari caguwa”

Umwanzuro wo guca caguwa uhuriweho na EAC yose, ndetse nko kuva ku wa 01 Nyakanga 2016, imyenda n’inkweto bya caguwa byinjizwa mu Rwanda bisoreshwa umusoro ukubye inshuro 25 ugereranyije n’uwari usanzwe.

Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi, Inganda n’Ibikorwa by’Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, François Kanimba, yavuze  ko umwanzuro wo guca caguwa utafashwe ugambiriye Amerika gusa.

Yagize ati “Ntabwo twigeze dufata umwanzuro ureba igihugu iki niki, twafashe umwanzuro ureba ibihugu byose dukorana ubucuruzi. Ikiri ukuri ni uko tumaze kuzamura imisoro kuri caguwa, caguwa dukura hanze yaragabanyutse cyane, ariko si iva muri Amerika gusa. Abanyamerika barakora ibyo bashatse ariko twebwe gahunda yacu tuyikomeze.”

“Ntabwo mpamya ko hari ibyo duhindura kuri politiki turimo yo guteza imbere inganda zikora imyeda, kuko ntabwo ntekereza ko ushobora guteza imbere inganda zikora imyenda warahaye rugari caguwa.”

Minisitiri Kanimba ariko yavuze ko hari impungenge mu gihe umwanzuro waramuka ubaye gukura u Rwanda ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bikorana na Amerika mu bucuruzi, binyuze muri AGOA.

Yakomeje agira ati “Nubwo nta bintu byinshi cyane twohereza ku isoko rya Amerika, wabonaga hari inganda nto n’iziciriritse zitangiye kwisuganya kugira ngo zinjire kuri ririya soko, kandi ngira ngo n’ibicuruzwa byacu byinjiragayo nta mahoro bitanze. Badukuye kuri lisiti y’ibihugu byinjira kuri iryo soko ni ukuvuga ko abacu bazajya bishyura imisoro kimwe n’ibindi bihugu byateye imbere, uretse abo bafitanye amasezerano yihariye.”

Kuva mu 2002 kugeza mu 2012 ibicuruzwa u Rwanda rwoherezaga muri Amerika muri gahunda ya AGOA byari hafi ya zeru, ariko mu 2013 biza kugera ku $9,000; mu mwaka wakurikiyeho wa 2014 bigera ku $187,000, mu 2015 bisa n’ibyikuba kabiri bigera kuri $435,000 biturutse ahanini ku bintu bishingiye ku budozi n’ububoshyi n’imbuto za macadamia.

Biteganyijwe ko gutangira kumva ubusabe bwa SMART ku kirego yatanze, ari ku wa 13 Nyakanga 2017 i Washington, DC.

Kuva gahunda ya AGOA yajyaho mu 2000, ibihugu byemerewe byohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi muri Amerika bitishyujwe amahoro kandi ntihagenwe ingano ntarengwa y’ibicuruzwa, ku bwoko bw’ibintu busaga 6000.Perezida w’Amerika Donald Trump akaba ariwe uzafata icyemezo nyuma yo kumva niba u Rwanda na Uganda Tanzania bitarubahirije amahame bityo agategeka niba bihanwa cyangwa hakabaho kwisubiraho.

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